Steaming tube for hair waving



Dec. 2.1 1926.

2 Sheets-Shee 1 EN attain,

W S LEWIS ET AL STEAMING TUBE FOR HAIR WAVING Filed'F'eb. 20, 1926 Dec. 21 1926.

w. s. LEWIS ET AL.

STEAMING TUBE FOR HAIR WAVING 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb, 20, 1926 TIG. 5-

nuentom.

Patented Dec. 21, 1926.

UNITED' srArss y y 1,611,466 PATENT- Ormes.

WILBUB S. LEWIS, 0l' CLEVELAND, AND JOHN G. MURRAY', 0l LAKEWDOD, OHIO.

V:incriminato TUBE ron. Earn wavnre.

Application led February 20, 1926.' Ber-lai No. 89,777..

Our invention relates to tubularv pontainers for enclosin strands of hair which have been prepared or a waving process, during that art of the process wherein the strands of halr are heated.

One of the objects of our invention is to accomplish the application of vheat to the strands of hair. sought to be waved, in a highl ellicacious manner, furthe purpose inten ed.

' Another ob'ect of our invention is to accom lish the heating of the strand of hair song t to be waved by means of a permanent waving process in an enclosure, to restrict the escaping of vapors vfrom the vicinity of the hair strand and to directively vent the escaping vapors in a highly efficacious manner.

Another obect ofour invention is to accomplish the eating operation of a permanent waving process 1n a highly eiiicient manner, at the same time preventing-thev charring'or discoloration of any rtion of `the exterior of the container enc osing the strand of hair during such aheating operation, substantially until the heating operation has reached that point wherem it should properly be discontinued or reduced in intensity of heating.

Another objec'tof our inventionl is to accomplish a visible indication eiective only l upon substantially reaching that part of the heating o eration wherein the should be"V iscontinued or reduced.

Another object of our invention resides in thepr'ovision o f an improved rocess of achealing complishing thetreatment an heating of a strand ofY hair during a waving process, whereby effective and superler results' may be secured. f

The above and other objects of our inven` tion will appear from the following descrip# ti'onin which description aY container, which is a 4specliic embodiment of our inventlon, 1s

descrlbed; reference being had in this descrption' to the drawings illustrating the sai' this specliicatlon,

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1

shows, mostly in enlarged `seclion,v a hair 11' `arat"u`s,' com rlsm' `a container our inventio an intermediate step in the formation of the embodiment and forming portions .ofA

sing utilize in tv e practice of process;

Fig. l-is an enlarged section taken on the line H of Fig. 3;'

Fig. 5 is a view of the container in place and enclosing a strand of hair to be heated during the waving process and prior to the application of the heating tube, as illustratedin Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged perspective view of another embodiment of our invention;

Fi 7 is an enlarged perspective view of ano er embodiment of our invention which comprises an inner wall of aluminum foil and an outer wall of a r;

Fig.' 8 is a sectiona view similar to that taken on the line .4-4 of Fig. 3, of another embodiment of our invention, a side eleva.. tioi of which would appear as does Fig'. 3; all

Fig. 9 illustrates a fragmentary enlarged the thickness employ aper, formin the lnterior and exterior wa s of the tubu ar-container,`relative lv very thin as compared with the relatively thick, paper and.- pasteboard tubular walls of containerspreviously 1n use so far as we are aware. The ieper may therefore be made very thin-an may be of rice aper only a few thousandths'of an inch in t lckness being'preferably of a thickness not vexceedin that of .0155' and being preferably mucE less than this, such as from -.005" to .00757.

The -foil mayy vary in thickness foil'of a thickness of .0015" wall having been found satisfactory, but preferably the ffoil will be between 0Q1 and-.0054fjin1,lthickness and may comprise su rpose .o1 4 a ers or ma be preferably oFbut a single y y slayer of foal except for overlapping at the joints, making a convenient method of closin the seam.

Havin set forth herein t e dimensions preferaby imposed upon the thickness ot the constituent portions of the walls of our 1inproved tube, we wish it t-o be understood that the drawings are therefore to be taken as illustrative of the form of tube and the relative positioning of the parts, rather than to represent, according to scale, the thick nesses of the constituent paper and foil layers thereof. I

The tubular container of Figs. 1 to 5, inelusive, and of Filg. 8, is preferably formed as -illustrated in i 2,l y the rolling together ofJ a sheet o foil 3 and a sheet of paper 4 until the roll contains the desired number of. layers of super-posed 'foiland paper, and then securing, in any desired way, the exterior end of the roll, such as by applying an adhesive to the inner face of t e outer edge rtion to cause it to adhere to the underlying layer of rolled material substantially as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 8. In the embodiments of our invention illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7, however, we show tubular containers, in which the inner tube 5 is of foil, as above described, and the outer layer is shown as a. narrow band at 6, Fig. 6, and as a. sheet 7, Fim-7, of a width .somewhat less than the width of the foil 5. In the'e figures, the inner layer of foil has its edges secured together in any desired manner and the outer layer of paper is ap lied tothe exterior of the hrst formed tu of foil in a manner easily understood by reference to the drawings referred to, the ends, of the paper bein secured together by adhesive or the like. ig. 8 shows a tube whereinwe increase the number of foil and paper layers. In ractice, we may substitute for the outer ayer of aper, in any of the embodiments herein ilustrated and described, an outer layer of any material discolorable at a critical temperature, and may apply -it in other forms than as a sheet. For instance,

'as illustrated in Fig. 9, we show a portion of a tube in perspective, having a wra pin 8 of a textile material, such as cotton t rea which is discolorable under the influence of eat.

In Fig. 6, we s how a modicationrof our invention wherein we dispense with the outer enclosin paper tube and employ instead a tube o metallic foil shown at 3, and

on the outer surface thereof, preferably at that portion-of the tube which in practice is most remote from the scalp of the patient, we place a ieee of paper, preferably in the form of a and, as shown at 4, which may be secured in place by means of adhesive, or in an other convenient manner, but which wil adhere clo:e1y to the metallic tube 3 and be responsive at all times to the thermal condition thereof. The tube of Fig. 9

y may be a vantageously practiced.

mployes a winding of thread for such paper The tubes of our invention are preferably pierced after forming, as shown at 9, the opening thereby pi'ovidedthrough the wall, being preferably dis osed adjacentl an end portion of the tube. Plibe projecting end portions of the tube are preferably of foil or like pliable material, capable of being an nulai'ly compressed, or crimped, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, at 35 and 36, and as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3.

The waving operation may be performed variably, but to convey a better understandin of our invention, we will describe a typica wavinar operation in which our invention 10 we show a human seal roinwhich a strand of hair 11 is gathere preparatory to waving. The strand is irst connected with a curler rod 12, adjacent the scalp, by a string 13, which enrrages in the notch 14 in the end of the ro and is then wound around the rod and tied thereto at a point removed from the strin 13. The hair so wrapped is then sftretche lengthwise around the rod. The hair is treated with a suitable softening solution, usually containing van alkali and oil, prior to the stretching operation. A strip of absorbent material 16 is next wrapped around the strand of hair wound on the rod, and is secured ateach end so that itencloses the saine. Such strip, or pad, is usually treated with the same solution with which the hair was first moistened, and is usually moistened prior to its aplication.

felt washer 17 having a slit therein leading to a central aperture 37 is applied to the strand next to the scalp. The container is then placed around the ortion of the strand which is secured upon t 1e rod and enclosed by the pad. 'The foil end portions of the container extending beyond the ends of the aper will be sealed to maintain its tubular orm by means of a gummed portion on the paper, as indicated at 21. The metal jacket thus formed contributes toward more equal distribution of the heat to the hair within the tube during the heating o eration, so that the ent-ire length of stran wound on the rod will receive more nearly the same degree of heat and thus prevent undesirable' action on the hair which would otherwiz'e be causedby uneven heat distribution.

The operator places the tube around the strand, preferably with one end ot' the prujecting oil against theV washer 18 and with a suitable tool, or with the-lin ers, crimps the foil ends against the stran as shown at 15, where it will Vremain due to its inherent non-resiliency, thus sealing the end of the tube around the strand so that the solution and steam cannot pass to the scalp during the heating operation. The other lto escape.

end of the projecting foil can be crimped in the same manner around the strand to seal the upper end of the tube. It will be observed that with this means of sealing and securing the tube in position, little time has to be consumed by the operator in applying and removing the tube, thereby eliminatin much of the' time now required to a ply an remove clamp devices usually emp oyed for this purpose.

A preferably two part fibrous washer 18,

the portions of which are riveted together at 38, of heat .resisting material having a centrally dis osed paix` of semi-circular jaws, is then a pied around the strand of hair` so that it ies adjacent the felt washer. The two parts are swung on the rivet 38 to brin the jaws a aiiist the crimped portion 35 o the inner goil end of the container. The strand of hair extends through the central apertures in the washers, the felt serving as a buffer for the scalp, and the fibrous washer serving as a bearing for the heater, to' prevent theheat from reaching the scalp and to assist in preventing forcible displacement of the crimped foil portions.

It is customary to wait 'for the hair to grow to a len h at which the wave is entirely out .of t e hair before attem ting to put in another wave. With this orm of tube, the hair can be waved at any length regardless of the distance the wave in the hair ias grown from the scalp, as the tube can be crimped at any point of its length to enclose and seal the hair intermediate the scalp and the old wave. -When the tube is crimped in such relation on thc strand, there can be no passage of steam, hot gases or solution to the waved ortion of the hair, so that the wave alrea y therein will not be harmed while forming the new wave. It will also be observed that the tube can be crim d and sealed within the fiber washer, so tiat the curls can be started close to the scalp.

When the tube has been positioned around the strand of hair enclosed` b the pad as above described, an electric eater 22 is laced' around the tube with one end thereof ring against the fibrous washer 18. The tubeis provided with one or more apertures 9,' close to the end thereof which lies adjacent the scalp, to permit the gases and steam heat and hot gases is to seek the uppermost portion of the tube, and it is customary to permit the same to esca. ethrougli the upper portion of the tubes. 'gVitli our tube acting as does an oven, due to the escape at the boltom of the tube, the hair is subjected 1o a uniform heat and therefore will forni a moi'euniform wave, for after the current has been turned on, the vapors can escape and pass to atmosphere through the apertures `9 through the walls of the tube.

After the solution within the tube reaches The natural tendency of the a predetermined `condition of dryness, the paper on the exterior wall of the tube will start to become browned rior to the reaching of a temperature within the tube at which the hair will burn or become brittle; thus, browning of the tube will indicate the proper time to remove the heater. This indi- -cating is accomplished by virtue of the thermal characteristics of the tube, since, as made, it presents very little resistance to the free pasza e of 4heat through its walls, and therefore, eat will be conducted freely from the interior wall of the tubular heater throu h the tubular walls of the container, and t ie moisture enclosed with the hair in the oven-like container will, -until it is exhausted b being vaporized, eiiect a certain cooling o the space within the tubular container comprisinflr tions. In the eiiibodiments illustrated, this cooling temperature existing at the interior surfaces of the walls of the container' tube, will edect a cooling, so long as moisture is present within the tube, through the walls to their exterior surfaces. Due to this cooling, the exterior surface of the tube will not be undul hot for handling pur oses. Due to the re atively eicient therma conductivity of heat through the walls of the tube, the temperatui es on its interior and exterior surfaces will be substantially the same at all times, and therefore, charring of the exterior surfaces of the tube, which is common in tubes of the prior art with which we are familiar and which comprise relatively thick pasteboard walls or the like, prior to the achievement of a temperature within the tube which would effect charring of paper, is efl'ectually prevented.

The waving operation 4is therefore attended, luntl it 1s practically completed,` with. none ofthe smoke of cheri-ing paste! board, or the like, which is unpleasant to the patient being operated upon and to the operator, and moreover, when final discoloration' of the exterior surfaces, which preferably comprise paper in the embodiments illustrated, does occur, it is an' indication to the operator that the heating operation is substantial] completed and t at the operator therefore s ould be attentive to the matter of discontinuing the heat.

This ism eat advantage in waving processes which eretoforehave been carried on practically entirely by timing the heating operation without ad uate variation in the time of heatin to al ow for the different amounts of moisture contained within the tubes, to ther with the strands of hair to be treate and to allow for the varying heat conditions revalent within the tubular containers unser different conditions of use, and consequent sometimes upon the varying strength of electrical current, the varyin thermal@ properties ofthe tubes used, an

the foil and paper por-Y CII til

In Fig. 7,

the varyin compositions of hair treating lotions `app ied to the hair during or prior to the heating process.

By employing this principle in an waving process, the condition' of the tu will serve as an indicator to the operator to show when the strand of hair has been sulciently heated to complete the Waving process, and such condition can be observed at all times without disturbing or removing any part of the apparatus.

In Fig. 6, We have illustrated a modified form of container which is formed substantially entirely of metal foil 30. This container is formed of a sheet of foil end is rolled in tubular form and secured by lapping one of the edges over the other edge and pressing them securely together. The apertures 9 are provided in this tube for the same purpose above specified, and the tube is applied in the same manner to a strand of hair and for the saine purpose as above. set forth. Various materials could be used to form the tube, to serve all purposes of our invention, so long as they were pliable and of a nature to provide. a self-retaining seal when crimped around a strand of hair,`and also capable of conducting heat at the temperature demanded without fusing. In Fig. G, a band of rice paper adapted to discolor under a critical heat. is shown as a plied to the end portion of the tube adhering to its exterior wall and secured in place by overlapping adhering gummed edge ortions.

we show a container tu e comprising an outer layer of paper with an inside layer of foil. In all of the embodiments illustrated, the wall thicknesses of foil and paper may be varied, but excellent results may be obtained when the dimensions hereinabove set forth are employed Where such materials specified enter into the composition of the tubular containers.

Various changes can be made in the materials and details used for orming containers without departing from the spirit of our invention and the scope of what we claim.

1. A container for enclosing a strand o hair during a Waving process, consisting oi a tube having a substantially solid pliable wall comprising metallic foil, said wall being an eicient conductor of heat from its exterior to its interior surface.

2. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a. Waving process, comprising a tube having wall ortions of so little resistance to the ow of heat therethrough that when exteriorlyY heated the temperature on the interior and exterior surfaces of the tube will be maintained substantially equal, and thermo-re sponsive indicating means visible from the tube exterior to indicate a critical temps-gra-V ture in the waving process heating of the hair. 3. A container for enclosing a rstrand of thin paper material hair during a waving process, consisting of a sheet of paper and a sheet of pliable metallic foil, said sheets being formed as a tube with an inner and/or an outer surface of paper, the successive layers of foil and paper being joined intimately together to' exclude air between the sheets.

4. A container for enclosin a prepared strand of hair during the heating operation of a waving process, comprising a tube placed over the strand, and thermo-responsive means for visibly indicating from the exterior of thc tube substantially the temerature within the tube at a critical point 1n the heating operation.

5. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a waving` process. comprising a tube haring wall portions of so little resistance to the liow of ieat therethrough that when exteriorly heated the temperature on the interior an exterior `surfaces of the tube will be maintained substantially equal, and thermo-responsive indicating means comprising a relativelv thin sheet of material discolorable under the influence of a critical temperature and visible from the tube exterior to indicate a critical temperature in the waving process heating of the hair.

6. A container for enclosing a prepared strand of hair during the heating operation of a waving process, comprising a tube placed over the strand, and thermo-res onsive means comprising a relatively thin s lect of material discolorable under the iniuence of a critical temperature, for visibl indicating from the exterior of the tube substantially the temperature within the tube at a critical point in the heating operation.

7. A container for enclosing a prepared strand of hair adapted to be steamed during the heating operation of a Waving process, comprising a metallic tube placed over the strand, saldtube having substantially confining end walls, and a piece of materia discolorable under the influence of a critical temperature aiiixed to the exterior surface f of the tube.

8. A container for enclosing a prepared strand of hair adapted to be steamed during the heating operation of a waving process, comprising aY metallic tube laced over the strand, said tube having substantially conlining end walls, and a piece of material iscolorable under the influence of a critical temperature aixed to the exterior surface of the tube, adjacent the end of the tube, remote from the scalp of the patient.

9. A container for enclosing a prepared strand of hair adapted to be steamed during the heating operation of a waving process, f

comprising a metallic tube strand, said tube having su fining end walls,

placed over the stantially con,

discolorable under the and a piece of relatively influence of a critical temperature aiixed to the exterior surface of the tube, adjacent the end of the tube, remote from the scalp of the patient.

10. A container for enclosing a prepared strand of hair adapted to be steamed during the heating operation of a Waving process, comprising a metallic tube placedV over the strand, said tube having substantially conlining end walls, and a band of aper material discolorable under the in uence of a critical tem erature ailixed to the exterior surface of t e tube, adjacent the end of the tube, remote from the scal of the patient.

11. A container for enclbsing a strand of hair during a Waving process, consisting of a sheet of paper, and a sheet of metallic foil, said sheets being formed as a tube with an inner and an outer surface of paper.

12. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a Waving process, consisting of a sheet of paper, and a sheet of foil of greater Width than the paper, said paper and foil being secured together as ia tube with the paper forming the inner and outer surface thereof.

13. A container for enclosing a strand or hair during the application of heat in a waving process, consisting of an interior and an exterior wall of paper, and metallic foil intermediate said walls of paper.

14. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating of a Waving process, consisting of an interior and an exterior wall of paper, and a sheet of aluminum foil intermediate said Walls of paper.

15. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a Waving operation, consisting of a paper tube, and pliable metal material extending from one end of said tube adapted to be inwardly crimped to substantially seal the tube adjacent an end thereof.

16. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a waving process, consisting of a plurality of sheets rolled in tubular form, one of said sheets being formed oflsoft pliable metal.

17. A container for enclosinga strand of hair during the heating operation of a Waving process, consisting of a tube formed of sheet paper and a sheet of soft pliable metal.

18. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the application of heat in a waving process, consisting of a paper tube, and

pliable metal projecting from the ends of said tube, said metal being adapted to be annularly crimped inwardly to substantially seal the tube.

19. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a Waving process, consisting of a aper tube, and a sheet of aluminum foil oiJ reater width than said paper, said sheets being formed in a tube with the ends of said foil projecting beyond the ends of said paper and with the paper formin theinterior and the exterior walls thereo the projecting ends of said foil being adapted to be annularly crimped inwardlyA to substantially seal the ends of the tube'.

20. A container for enclosing a strand of hair treated with asoluton to .be steamed therein during the application of heat, consistin of a tube formed of sheets of paper and oil, said tube having an aperture in the wall thereof adjacent one end to permit the escape of steam and gases when heat is applied, said tube when applied to the strand of hair being arranged with the apertured end adjacent the scalp.

21. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a Waving process, consisting of 4a sheet of paper and a sheet of pliable metal rolled to ether in tubular form, said tube sealing a esired length of hair therein by being crimped transversely of its length.

22. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during a heating operation of a Waving process, consisting ofs a tube formed of paper and pliable metal.

23. A container constructed of sheet metallic foil for enclosing a strand of hair during the application of heat in a waving process, said foil effecting a substantial seal when pressed annularly inwardly.

24. A container constructed of sheet aluminum foil, or like material for enclosing a strand of hair during the application of heat in a permanent .Waving process, said' foil adapted to be deformed by an inward annular crimping to effect a substantial seal of the container, the deformed foil being substantially self form-sustaining.

25. A container constructed of a sheet of liable metallic foil rolled in tubular form or enclosin a strand of hair during the application o? heat in a permanent 4'Waving process, said foil adapted to be deformed by inwardly compressin the foil to effect a substantial seal of the ormed tube against the free passage of vapors.

26. A container constructed of material containing metal which Will readily conduct heat applied to permanently wave hair Witbout fusing of the materialand capable of providing a substantial seal to restrict the flow of vapors therefrom when deformed by compression, said material being sufficiently pliable as to remain substantially in the deformed sealing condition after the compres sive force is relieved. l

27. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during a waving process, substantially solid tubular lateral walls for said container. comprising substantially resilient material whereby it can be sealed against the strands of the hair merely by crimping.

28. A container for enclosing a strand of lll() hair during the heating operation of a Waving process, comprising a tube having a longitudinal passage substantiall closed at its top and containing the stran of hair, and having an opening at the bottom of such passage for relatively more ready conduction of vapors created in the passage, therefrom.

Q9. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operatlon of a waving process, comprising a strand embracing portlon adapted to be annularly compressed, said portion comprisin vmaterial of such a nature as to take a set after such compression, to effect substantial sealing of the container between the strand and the said enibracin portion of the container.

30. tubular container for enclosing a strand ot hair during the heating operatlon of a Waving process, adapted to conduct heat applied to its exterior surface through its walls to communicate such heat to the strand of hair enclosed hy the tube, the tube walls having a thermal conductivity, such that its exterior surface will have substantially the same temperature as its interior surface.

3l. A tubular container for enclosing a strand ot hair during the heating operation of a waving process, adapted to conduct heat applied to its exterior surface through its walls to communicate such heat to the strand of hair enclosed by the tube, the tube Walls having a thermal conductivity, such that its exterior surface will have substantially the same temperature that exists Within the tube, and means discolorable by the effect of heat visible from the exterior of the lpube to indicate a critical temperature Within the tube.

32. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operat1on of a Waving process, and adapted to communicate extraneouslv applied heat through its Walls to the strand of hair operated upon, comprising a sheet of metallic material.

33. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a Waving process, and adapted to communicate extraneously applied heat through its walls to the strand of hair operated upon, comprising a sheet of pliable metallic material.

34. A container for enclosing a strand of hair treated with a solution to be steamed therein during the application of heat, con sistin of a tube having an aperture in the Wall t ereof adjacent one end to permit the escape of steam and gases when heat is ap plied,said tube when applied to the strand of hair being arranged with the apcrturetl end adjacent the scalp.

35. A container for enclosing a strand of hair treated with a solution to be steamed therein during the application of heat, consisting of a tube having an aperture in the Wall thereof adjacent one end to permit the escape of steam and gases when heat is applied, said tube when applied to the strand of hair beingr arranged with the apertured end adjacent the scalp, said tub'e having walls suiicently thermal conducting as to efficiently conduct heat ap lied extraneously of the tube walls through lts Walls to the interior ot the tube.

36. The method of processing a treated wound strand of hair comprising 4confining the prepared strand with moisture within a metallic Wrapper and heating the confined hair and moisture by heat applied to the wrapper extraneously thereof.

37. A Wrapper for enclosing a prepared strand of hair, together with moisture, during the heating operation of a waving process, comprising a sheet of metal foil.

38. A container for a Wound strand of hair during the process of permanent Waving of the strand, metallic tubular walls therefor of a length atleast four tunes their diameter and of a Weight not in excess of one-fifth of an ounce.

39. A tubular container' for a Wound strand of hair during the process of permanent waving of the strand, comprising a -tubular envelope of metal of a length approximately tive and 1one-half times its diameter and Weighing approximately onetenth of an ounce.

In testimony whereof We hereunto ailix our signatures this 15th day of February, 1926.

WILBUR S. LEWIS. JOHN CHARLES MURRAY.

hair during the heating operation of a Waving process, comprising a tube having a longitudinal passage substantially closed at its top and containing the strand of hair, and having an opening at the bottom of such passage for relatively more ready conduction of vapors created in the passage, therefrom.

Q9. A container for enclosingr a strand of hair during the heating operation of a Waving process, comprising a strand embracing portion adapted to be annularly compressed, said portion comprising material of such a nature as to take a set after such compression, to effect substantial sealing of the container between the strand and the said einbraein portion of the container.

30. i tubular container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a Waving process, adapted to conduct heat applied to its exterior surface through its walls to communicate such heat to the strand of hair enclosed by the tube, the tube Walls having a thermal conductivity, such that its exterior surface Will have substantially the same temperature as its interior surface.

31. A tubular container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a waving process, adapted to conduct heat applied to its exterior surface through its walls to communicate such heat to the strand of hair enclosed by the tube, the tube Walls havingr a thermal conductivity, such that its exterior surface will have substantially the same temperature that exists within the tube, and means discolorable by the effect of heat visible from the exterior of the tube to indicate a critical temperature Within the tube.

32. A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of n waving process, and adapted to communicate extraneouslv applied heat through its walls to the strand of hair operated upon, comprising a sheet of metallic material.

A container for enclosing a strand of hair during the heating operation of a Waving process, and adapted to communicate extraneously applied heat through its Walls to the strand of hair operated upon, comprising a sheet of pliable metallic material.

34. A container for enclosing a strand of hair treated with a solution to be steamed therein during the application of heat, consisting of a tube having an aperture in the Wall thereof adjacent one end to permit the escape of steam and gases when heat is applied,'said tube when applied to the strand of hair being arranged with the apcrtured end adjacent the scalp.

35. A container for enclosing a strand of hair treated with a solution to be steamed therein during the application of heat, consisting of a tube having an aperture in the wall thereof adjacent one end to permit the escape of steam and gases when heat is applied, said tube when applied to the strand of hair being arranged with the apertured end adjacent the scalp, said tube having walls sutiieicntly thermal conducting' as to eiiiciently conduct heat applied extraneously of the tube walls through its walls to the interior of the tube.

3G. The method of processing a treated wound strand of hair comprising confining the prepared strand with moisture Within a metallic wrapper and heating the confined hair and moisture by heat applied to the wrapper extraneously thereof.

3T. A wrapper for enclosing a prepared strand of hair, together with moisture, during the heating operation of a Waving process, comprising a sheet of metal foil.

A container for a Wound strand of hair during the process of permanent Waving oi' the strand, metallic tubular Walls therefor of a length at least four times their diameter and of a weight not in excess of one-fifth of an ounce.

39. A tubular container for a Wound strand ot' hair during the process of permanent Waving of the strand. corn risinfr a gn tubular envelope of metal of a length ap proximately five and Vone-half times its diameter and Weighing approximately onetenth of an ounce.

In testimony whereof We hereunto aix our signatures this 15th day of February, 1926.

WILBUR S. LEWIS. JOHN CHARLES MURRAY.

CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,611,466,

granted December 2l, 1926.

`to WILBUR S. LEWIS ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above mentioned patent requiring correction as follows: Page 5, line 127, claim 27, for the word "resilient" read "nonresilient"; and that the said Letters Pat ent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 22nd day of February, A. D. i927.

DISCLAIMER.

1,611,466.-Wilbur S. Lewis, Cleveland, and John O'. Murray, Lakewood, Ohio.

STEAMING TUBE Fon HAIR, WAVING. Patent dated December 21, 1926. Disclaimer filed July 27, 1929, by the assignee, The Nestle Lemar Company.

Specifically disclaims those parts of the said specification and claims which are in the following words, reference being made to page and line numbers of the patent as printed, to wit:

The following words on page 1 beginning on line 22 and ending on line 34: at the same time preventing the charring or discoloration of any portion of the exterior of the container enclosing the strand of hair during such a heating operation, substantially until the heating operation has reached that point wherein it should properly be discontinued or reduced in intensity of heating.

Another object of our invention is to accomplish a visible indication effective only upon substantially reaching that part of the heating operation wherein the heating should be discontinued or reduced.

The Words on page 2 in lines 44 and 45: at a critical temperature.

The words on page 2 in lines 64 and 65: and be responsive at all times to the thermal condition thereof.

The words on page 3 in lines 24, 25, and 26: and to assist in preventing forcible displacement of the crimped foil portions.

The words on page 3 in lines 41 to 44, inclusive: It will also be observed that the tube can be crimped and sealed within the fiber washer, so that the curls can be started close to the scalp.

The words on page 3 beginning with line 65 and ending in line 85: HAfter the solution within the tube reaches a predetermined condition of dryness, the paper on the exterior wall of the tube will start to become browned prior to the reaching of a temperature Within the tube at which the hair will burn or become brittle; thus, browning of the tube will indicate the proper time to remove the heater. This indicating is accomplished by virtue of the thermal characteristics of the tube, since, as made, it presents very little resistance to the free passage of heat through its walls, and therefore, heat will be conducted freely from the interior wall of the tubular heater through the tubular walis of the container, and the moisture enclosed with the hair in the oven-like containerwill, until it is exhausted by being vaporized, effect a certain cooling of the space within the tubular container comprising the foil and paper portions.

The words beginning in line 110 of page 3 and ending in line 11 of page 4 as follows: and moreover, when final discoloration of the exterior surfaces, which preferably comprise paper in the embodiments illustrated, does occur, it is an indication to the operator that the heating operation is substantially completed and that the operator therefore should be attentive to the matter of discontinuing the heat.

This is a great advantage in Waving processes which heretofore have been carried on practically entirely by timing the heating operation without adequate variation in the time of heating to allow for the different amounts of moisture contained Within the tubes, together with the strands of hair to be treated, and to allow for the varying heat conditions prevalent within the tubular containers under different conditions of use, and consequent sometimes upon the varying strength of electrical current, the varying thermal properties of the tubes used, and the varying compositions of hair treating lotions applied to the hair during or prior to the heating process.

By employing this principle in any waving process, the condition of the tube will serve as an indicator to the operator to show when the strand of hair has been sufficiently heated to complete the Waving process, and such condition can be observed at all times without disturbing or removing any part of the apparatus.

The words on page 4 in line 31: a critical.

[Oficial Gazette August 20, 1929.]

DISCLAIMER.

1,611,466.- W'ilbur S. Lewis, (lleveland, and John C. il/urroy, Lakewood, Ohio.

STEAMING TUBE ron HAIR Warme. Patent dated December 21, 19213. Disclaimer filed July 27, 1929,'by the assignee, The Nas-tic Lamm" Company,

Specifically disclaims those parts of the said specification and claims which are in the following words, reference boing made to page and line numbers of the patent as printed, to Wit:

The following Words on page 1 beginning on line 22 and ending on line 34: at the same time preventing the charring or discoloration of any portion of the exterior of the container enclosing the strand of hair during such a heating operation, substantially until the heating operation has reached that point wherein it should properly be discontinued or reduced in intensity of heating.

Another object of our invention is to accomplish a visible indication effective only upon substantially reaching that part of the heating operation wherein the heating should be discontinued or reduced.

The words on page 2 in lines 44 and 45: at a critical temperature.

The Words on page 2 in lines 64 and 65: and be responsive at all times to the thermal condition thereof.

The words on page 3 in lines 24, 25, and 26: and to assist in preventing forcible displacement of the crimped foil portions.

The words on page 3 in lines 41 to 44, inclusive: It will also be observed that the tube can be crimped and sealed within the fiber washer, so that the curls can be started close to the scalp.

The words on page 3 beginning with line 65 and ending in line 85: After the solution within the tube reaches a predetermined condition of dryness, the paper on the exterior wall of the tube will start to become browned prior to the reaching of a temperature within the tube at which the hair will burn or become brittle; thus, browning of the tube Will indicate the proper time to remove the heater. This indicating is accomplished by virtue of the thermal characteristics of the tube, since, as made, it presents very little resistance to the free passage of heat through its walls, and therefore, heat will be conducted freely from the interior wall of the tubular heater through the tubular Walls of the container, and the moisture enclosed with the hair in the oven-like containerwill, until it is exhausted by being vaporized, effect a certain cooling of the space within the tubular container comprising the foil and paper portions.

The words beginning in line l1() of page 3 and ending in line 1 1 of page 4 as follows: and moreover, when final discoloration of the exterior surfaces, which preferably comprise paper in the embodiments illustrated, does occur, it is an indication to the operator that the heating operation is substantially completed and that the operator therefore should be attentive to the matter of discontinuing the heat.

This is a great advantage in waving processes which heretofore have been carried on practically entirely by timing the heating operation without adequate variation in the time of heating to allow for the different amounts of moisture contained within the tubes, together with the strands of hair to be treated, and to allow for the varying heat conditions prevalent Within the tubular containers under different conditions of use, and consequent sometimes upon the varying strength of electrical current, the varying thermal properties of the tubes used, and the varying compositions of hair treating lotions applied to the hair during or prior to the heating process.

By employing this principle in any waving process, the condition of the tube will serve as an indicator to the operator to show when the strand of hair has been sufficiently heated to complete the Waving process, and such condition can be observed at all times without disturbing or removing any part of the apparatus.

The Words on page 4 in line 31: a critical.

[Oical Gazette August 20, 1.929.] 

